The WCAG Explained

Summary:
WCAG 2.4.4, "Link Purpose (In Context)," focuses on making sure users understand the purpose of each link. This clarity is particularly crucial for users navigating via screen readers or other assistive technologies, as it helps them decide whether to follow a link without needing additional context.

What:
The guideline requires that the purpose of each link can be determined from the link text itself or from the link text combined with its surrounding context. This means avoiding vague link text like "click here" and instead using descriptive phrases that convey the destination or function of the link.

Why:
For users who can't see the surrounding content, such as screen reader users, or for those who struggle with cognitive disabilities, understanding what a link does or where it goes is essential for navigation. Clear, descriptive links enable these users to navigate more efficiently and confidently.

Examples and Scenarios:

1. Article Links: Instead of "click here" to read more about a topic, use "read more about web accessibility guidelines."
2. Navigation Menus: Use clear and specific text for menu items. For instance, "Product Catalog" instead of just "Catalog."
3. Download Links: Label links with the file type and size, like "Download PDF, 2MB" instead of just "Download."

How to Comply:

• Websites: Ensure that all hyperlinks are descriptive enough to convey their purpose, either by themselves or within the sentence or paragraph they are part of.
• Mobile Apps: Use clear and contextually descriptive labels for links in apps, especially in content-heavy applications like news or e-learning platforms.
• Software Applications: Design hyperlinks in UIs to be self-explanatory, or ensure their context clearly indicates their purpose.

Exceptions:

• When the Purpose is Ambiguous: In some cases, like a dynamic news feed or a complex interactive interface, the specific purpose of a link might be inherently ambiguous or dynamic.
• Stylistic Choices: In certain creative or stylistic web designs, where the aesthetic or thematic consistency takes precedence, the link text might be less descriptive. However, providing context within the surrounding content is still recommended.